Costing Methods Essay

Polk Company is in the business of selling custom fishing lures. Recently they decided to introduce a new product. Before they introduce the product they would like to know if variable or absorption costing is the best method for the company. Variable and Absorption Costing Method Absorption costing is when all manufacturing costs are absorbed by the product and shows a higher net income (Kieso, Kimmel, & Weygandt, 2011). Based on the 80,500 lures Polk Company sold in 2012, absorption costing is the preferred method to use because they have a higher net income compared to the variable method. Benefits The benefit of absorption costing for Polk Company is they will show a higher net income of the products in inventory that are not sold immediately. On the contrary, if Polk Company uses variable costing they see any profit or loss almost immediately because all expenses are paid during the current accounting period, even if all the products are not sold. Competition and Bidding Absorption costing is the better costing method for Polk Company to use against a competitor who has submitted a lower bid. As stated previously, absorption costing does not require Polk Company to show any expenses on the products they are offering in the bid because they do not have to show expenses until after the products are sold. Conclusion In conclusion, Polk Company should introduce the new fishing lures by using the absorption costing method, and for submitting product bids. References Kieso, D., Kimmel, P., & Weygandt, J. (2011). Accounting: Tools for Business Decision Making, 4e (4th ed.). Retrieved from The University of Phoenix eBook Collection database.

Immigrant Health in the United States

IntroductionThe understanding of the challenges facing immigrant health in the United States is vital to maximizing its trajectory towards transformation. As pointed out by Hall and Cuellar (2016), the negative impetus among the immigrant healthcare in the United States is greatly linked to the relationship between the immigration policies and immigration experiences. Even though the government has passed various legislations with an aim of providing affordable health care to its citizens, the socio-political environment, and its effects healthcare service provision remains a troubling affair. This study seeks to examine some of the pieces of evidence that lead to the limited access to quality health care in the United States of America, more so the immigrants. Some of the possible barriers include unfriendly immigration policies, bureaucracies in the health care system, and lack of capital to finance medical bills. Therefore, this study is significant in addressing the government and other stakeholders to come up with friendly measures that give immigrants easy access to health care services.Statement of the Study ProblemImmigrants in the United States are faced with substantial challenges in accessing healthcare, and this has a great toll on their general wellbeing. These challenges can be attributed to the healthcare system. For example, the insurance coverage varies from one state to another, which leads to an intricate insurance scheme in the country. As a result, the government faces a greater challenge to influence uniform reforms at the national level. Even in spite of the Congress passing the patient and Affordable Care Act (ACA) in 2010, the immigrant communities in the country are still not able to access good healthcare services. This implies that the political goodwill is necessary to promote the immigrants' rights in health care access. The country should implement sound and sustainable immigration policies access essential services in the country.Immigrant Health and Its ChallengesIt is obvious that the negative trajectory to healthcare accessibility by immigrant communities is propelled by the existing harsh policies. For instance, the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996 (PRWORA) impedes many local, state, and federal health workers from supporting the undocumented immigrants (Hall ; Cuellar, 2016). Even though was sought as a tool to limit illegal immigration, such restrictions limit the immigrants to access publicly financed health services, and instead of serving the purpose of limiting illegal immigrants, (PRWORA) places deleterious effects on the immigrants' access to publicly funded health care service. Another matter of concern is how the implementation of ACA is possible when Immigration and Nationality Act (INA) conditions the immigrants to meet certain qualifications in order to access any form of federal assistance. Even if they have a chance to Medicaid benefits, their time to access such is restricted. According to Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act in 1996, federal benefits are only allowed for five years for the qualified immigrants and refugees. According to the National Association of Social Workers (NASW), the policies governing the health care place open restrictions to the immigrant communities. The organization, therefore, maintains that social workers and healthcare service providers should be on the lookout to consider these social and legal statutes to deal with the barriers that limit the community wellbeing in the country. Besides these limiting policies, the immigrant communities are also faced with discrimination and prejudice whenever they visit any health facility. In fact, the problem of racism still remains a disturbing matter in the United States. As a result, some health professionals have been reluctant to attend to patients from other ethnic communities. Also, most of the immigrant families have low income, which affects their ability to pay the hospital bills. Therefore, they face a serious problem when it comes to health care access. What Has Been DoneVarious individuals and organization have made incredible endeavors to address the immigrant health challenges in the United States. For instance, the National Association of Social Workers (NASW) has been active in calling their members and partners to deal with the policies that affect the immigrant communities (Haidar, 2018). On the same pedestal, the former president Barack Obama in 2014 made public his intention to allow the undocumented immigrants to live in the country without the constant threats of deportation. He similarly sought to allow them unrestricted access legal employment in different companies and organizations. Unfortunately, the Republicans in the Senate used their numerical strength to thwart the plan, and were later put on hold by one of the federal district judges in Texas. The argument was that when would be allowed in the country, the plan would place a strain on the health care system.In addition, lack of insurance coverage, poor political goodwill, lack of knowledge about health, screening, and prevention makes it difficult to influence changes in the health care to favor immigrants. This creates the likelihood of poor access to chronic infection management for the families that do not have health insurance coverage. According to the study done by Gushulak, Weekers and MacPherson (2009), positive health care outcome and health care-seeking behavior are greatly associated with the healthcare insurance. It is important to note that the government has tried to implement the Affordable Care Act, but still, the immigration policies need to be dealt with to attain the best results. The government and the policymakers must come up with better approaches that guarantee affordable health care for all people indiscriminately. Even though experts allude that the U.S. immigration integration policies are the best compared to other countries and is slightly favorable in regards to health policies, more efforts are needed to make this thought a conceivable reality. Since the election of Donald Trump as the president of the United States, various organizations concerned with the protection of the immigrants and refugees' rights have issued statements to fight the unfriendly policies. They seek to revoke the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) and to pave ways for the immigrants' easy access to essential public services (Hall ; Cuellar, 2016). The government has also developed certain measures sought to defend the rights of the foreign-born individuals in the country. One of them is the Culturally and Linguistically Appropriate Services (CLAS), which is used as a blueprint guide in giving health care service to different populations. This means that immigrants and refugees in the country also commit the government to ensuring proper access to health care service. However, more needs to be done to allow immigrants easy access to health care services. Potential ChallengesThere is an effort to make reforms in the health care service so that all people in the United States can access them. However, it is evident that there are still potential challenges to deal with, such as poor political goodwill to fast-track such (Kullgren, 2003). When President Obama tried to come up with plans to support the immigrant communities, the plan was thwarted not on the basis of the arguments that were presented, but due to political stands. The members of the Republican Party used their number to defeat the plan in the Congress. However, experts say that the barriers to health service for immigrant communities are vaster and go beyond the policies. They range from financial incapacities, fear of deportation and discrimination among the health care service providers. For example, within the health care system are external resource constraints, discrimination, the costs of the health care services and many procedures within the system that one has to keep up with. In fact, the bureaucratic procedures within the health care system is not only disadvantageous to immigrants, but to other citizens as well. On the other hand, there are individual challenges that impede health care access. These may include communication barriers, fear of deportation, stigma, financial incapacities and lack of knowledge about health care services. At the policy level, immigrants meet difficulties in trying to access health care insurance. The requirement that individuals have to provide their documents to access such insurances is a greater challenge, more so to the undocumented immigrants. Therefore, despite the efforts, the challenges are seriously raging.RecommendationsThe recommendations to address these challenges range from advocacy for policy transformation, more training for the health care providers to better understand their professional roles, more and better insurance options, and extension of the security net. In other words, the government should increase access to all citizens irrespective of their background and status. Also, the government should allow access to state-funded health care or provide subsidized insurance opportunities to all people living in the united states. Essentially, there is a need for all the stakeholders involved in the matter to take these points with greater interests to guarantee access to affordable health care between both the documented and undocumented immigrants. If allowed to continue on the same pedestal, the United States would end up being a bad example that would be used as a case study for poor immigration health policies. ConclusionThis study identifies some of the barriers to health care access by the immigrant communities. Some of the identified areas to be addressed include immigrant policies, the bureaucracies within the health care system as well as the expansion of health insurance options. The United States is celebrated in the world for having friendly blueprints that guide its health care policies. However, it is also apparent that those policies are not friendly to immigrants living in the country. Even though various stakeholders have tried to generate mitigating measures, there is still need to promote political goodwill for those options to succeed. In spite of the Congress passing the patient and Affordable Care Act (ACA) into law in 2010, the immigrant communities in the country are still not able to access good health care services due to poor political goodwill. It means that the government and policymakers must hasten their moves in coming up with proper measures to support immigrant health. Just as pointed out in this study, understanding the challenges that face immigrant health in the United States is vital to maximizing its path towards transformation.

Sustainable Management Futures (indivdual assignement ) Assignment

Sustainable Management Futures (indivdual assignement ) - Assignment Example EADS and BAE made all of their assets to move to the newly established company. At present, EADS holds 80 percent shares of Airbus, whereas BAE holds 20 percent shares of the company. a supervisory council has been established to look into the operation of airbus. This committee is actually a shareholder committee and consists of seven members only. In this committee five members come from EADS, while the remaining two come from BAE. The committee is responsible for approving budget of Airbus (Airbus, 2010). This shareholder committee also helps in making and implementing investment strategies of the firm. Later on Airbus significant effort has been made to reorganize the company to build several centers of excellence with an aim to earn profit. Each of these centers is authorized with the power of making their own manufacturing and buying policies relating to the production of different parts of aircrafts. They are allowed to make subcontract in order to reduce costs. This kind of o perational set up has been chosen by this aircraft company as for this industry, this policy seems to be the most effective way of building and maintaining profitability. Presently, airbus has four subsidiaries which are authorized to take their own operational decisions. These subsidiaries are airbus of North America, Airbus of China, Airbus Japan and Airbus Transport International. It is a very profitable company and presently it offers its supports more than 3000 aircrafts with 250 operators. Airbus has a mission of providing those aircrafts that are best suited to the current needs of the market along with supporting all these manufactured aircrafts with services of the highest quality. It holds the vision of listening to their customers’ needs and responding accordingly. This paper will make an attempt of examining sustainable management of airbus which operates on a multinational ground. First of all a rigorous analysis of the political, economic, social and technologic al aspects associated with the company will be conducted. Then focus will be placed on environmental aspects that the company should take under consideration. The paper will also discuss the major drivers that have forced the company to take into consideration various environmental aspects while forming its operational policies. This paper will also discuss sustainable management strategies of Airbus along with considering the benchmark requirements. Finally it will analyze the impacts of these policies. PEST analysis and analysis of Environmental Factors associated with Airbus operation: The essential items to deal with the global strategy (based on the PESTEL analysis): Political analysis: Airbus has always been the source of economic activities such as jobs, technology development, ancillary companies and spin offs. Therefore EU has provided Airbus its assistance throughout. Since Airbus is a European consortium of French, German, Spanish and UK companies, therefore EU has served it full-fledged since it a support through tax breaks, financing, loan guarantees and research and development support. In 2001, in one of the reports from European Association Of Aerospace Industries, it is seen that there have been at least 4,35,000 jobs in the aerospace sector of Europe, with 1.2 million jobs being supported directly or indirectly by the industry. There has been a friction in the relationship between US and

Diabetes Today Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Diabetes Today - Essay Example Gestational diabetes occurs during pregnancy, which can potentially develop into type 2 diabetes later in life. Diabetes mellitus is characterized by long-term complications involving small and large blood vessels (micro and macroangiopathy) affecting the eyes, kidneys, and nerves. Type 1 diabetes is usually diagnosed in childhood and accounts for 5-10% of diabetes. Type 1 diabetes mellitus is considered to be an autoimmune disease, where there is destruction of the beta cells of the pancreas, which produces insulin. This results in absolute insulin deficiency. Type 2 diabetes is more common than type 1 and accounts for 90%-95% or more of all cases of diabetes. It is characterized by insulin resistance and relative insulin deficiency. Although it usually occurs in adults over the age of 45, it is increasingly being seen in obese individuals of all age groups, including children and adolescents (New York State Department of Health, 2006). Other causes of diabetes include: due to chronic pancreatitis in alcoholics, hormonal abnormalities like pheochromocytoma, acromegaly, and Cushing’s syndrome, steroid hormone administration, endogenous release of glucagon and catecholamines following severe burns, acute myocardial infarction (â€Å"stress hyperglycemia†), diabetes caused by drugs or chemicals, diabetes caused by insulin receptor abnormalities, and diabetes associated with genetic syndromes like lipodystrophies, myotonic dystrophy and ataxia-telangiectasia (Foster,1998.) It has been suggested that modern food processing methods result in glycation end products, oxidized ascorbic acid and lipoic acid, all of which are potential causes of diabetes. High levels of glycation products are also found in infant formula, which also has added ascorbic acid. Adverse immune effects leading to diabetes can result from glycation of a casomorphin released from A1 beta-casein (Elliott, 2006). Since the 1960s, there has been

Holfstede cultural dimensions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Holfstede cultural dimensions - Essay Example The above practice would help in enhancing the applicability of the human resources practices to help in meeting the needs of the personnel employed in different multinational organizations. Culture is learned through the inherited human nature, based on different preferences, experiences, and values. Four cultural dimensions of Holfstede identifies those global applications, which are reflected by, in all aspects of life such as family life, practices of child rearing, education, health care and the employment practices (ASHA, 2014). The cultural dimensions as generated by the cultural scientist, Geert Hofstede are generated based on the cultural dimensions model which is elucidated as follows. The parameter of individualism or collectivism as generated by Hofstede evaluates the culture of a region based on individualistic and collectivist attributes. People dwelling in regions governed by collectivist approaches operate in a close cultural setting that reflects mutual care and understanding for each other. The collectivist countries also reflect honor for the existing cultural and social norms. On the other hand the regions governed or based on individualistic cultures reflect individuals that tend to take decisions in an independent fashion by not taking into consideration the needs and views of other members in a social group. Thus, decisions though taken by individuals based on social norms are loosely knit to each other thereby affecting the existing social fabric (Piepenburg, 2011). This dimension can influence the perceptions of person’s disability. For example, after facing any negativity in the life or suffering of any accidental disability can change the thoughts of the person. The victim can be more focused to live an independent life by analyzing the cultural backgrounds. The caretakers of these victims can facilitate them for a self-care life (ASHA, 2014). Uncertainty Avoidance tends

Human Resource Staffing Principal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Human Resource Staffing Principal - Essay Example Staffing, in fact efficient and dedicated staffing has been always a focal point of HR experts around the globe in the quest of sorting out the best and the perfect method to staff men for the job. Staffing is the process of finding the best of the human resources available to satiate the needs of growing or even sustain modern organizations. Small or large, every organization undergoes a process of staffing, and this is what makes staffing and important aspect of every organization (Morgen Witzel, 2004). The first step towards staffing is having a strategy that will be the basic guidelines in the entire staffing process. Developing a staffing strategy means analyzing the short and long term goals of the organization and then developing the positions that are required to achieve those goals. This way the organization managers know what exactly is required and what will be the suitable candidate. This also makes realize the remuneration and the additional facilities that are provided to the employee. The most fundamental issue that is haunting the top managers is finding the right work force that will not only fulfill the requirements of the job but also compete with other brands in the market. For this, the HR staffers develop a strategy of what type of staff they need and what are the sources that will satiate those demands. Developing a staffing tactic also requires identifying the key human resource areas and also realizing the sources of substitutes if a position goes vacant unexpectedly. After the development of a definite strategy comes the stage where the position is defined and the resources for that position is delineated. For example, an organization dealing in motorcycle sales is expanding and opening a new office in another state. The strategy requires making two fundamental decisions, would the organization’s own staff will be managing the sales in all the cities in that state or will he organization be letting our dealerships to local inves tors. How will those sales managers/dealers be managed and where to get the people interested in doing those jobs. Who will be performing what job and what salary and other benefits will he get in return all are delineated and this is what constitutes developing a HR staffing strategy. There are multiple types of organizations according to working styles and this is what determines they models of HR they have. Most of the organizations like the sales department of Apple or DHL couriers simply can not do without people to people interaction and thus require people to manage the reins of the organizations despite the fact that most of the 9-5 jobs are being automated. However, services like the airports and hospitals cannot be just closed down at 5pm because the shift is over, these require to be working in shifts and therefore have three shifts of eight hours each. Regular staff allows for the regular work to be done on regular basis and thus brings consistency in the work done. With growing interdependence on technology and unavailability of efficient work force everywhere, many organizations even rely on telecommuting or freelancing to get results. Companies like Cisco, Intel and Deloitte have a reliable number of telecommuters. Most of the internet and computer based jobs are filled by telecommuters, this way the employers have to pay only for the work done, reduce costs and achieve

M1A2- Leadership and Ethics Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

M1A2- Leadership and Ethics - Assignment Example The rumors were about the managing Director embezzle the company’s resources. To add on that, the aspect of mismanagement, where employees were not included in planning and the issue of ethnicity and racism was so much in practice. This caused a lot of unrest among the staff that the managing director went into hiding. The situation was so bad, that even the organizational output decreased tremendously. The breech in ethical principles and etiquette cost the organization a great deal, as they had to come up with strategies on guidance and counseling for all the staff members to reach and address the root cause of the problem. Hence, the inter relationship between values, morals and work ethics was established in a bid to solve the crises. According to Duska (1998), values refer to the definition of the good and bad in society. Moral values are those attributes that are upheld and valued in the society. Typical values include honesty, integrity, compassion, courage, honor, resp onsibility, patriotism, respect and fairness. By that definition, one could categorize the values listed above (honesty, integrity, compassion †¦) as â€Å"moral values† - values derived from a higher authority. When one acts in ways, which are consistent with our beliefs (whether secular or derived from a moral authority), we will characterize that as acting ethically. Hence, for one to be ethical, they need to posses ethics and moral values. According to Naagarazan (2006) the strategies to address the ethical crises apply in real life, whereby one attends therapy sessions and guidance and counseling in case, they face conflicts at home and the workplace. These tactics instill self-confidence in the individual, in that they are able to address and face their problems. This strategy is therefore effective in both the work place and real life situations. Reference List Duska, R. F. (1998). Education, leadership and business ethics: Essays on the work of Clarence Walton. K luwer Academic Publishers: Dordrecht Naagarazan, R. S. (2006). Textbook on professional ethics and human values. New Age International (P) Ltd., Publishers: New Delhi. A true leader should be able to address the specific organizational requirements while rendering his or her duties of ethical leadership. Discuss how you think virtues of character and leadership skills are acquired or developed within specific organizational contexts. For any given organizational framework, analyze parameters that will help you identify principles of best practice for leadership development. Identify and analyze attributes and competencies of effective leadership that can help implement these principles of best practice. Sucher (2008) wrote that, some of the leadership traits like humility, aggressiveness, and patience are innate, in that one is born a leader. They are nurtured in the day-to-day handling of the people in the organization. On the other hand, there are those traits that are acquired th rough practicing leadership for example, conflict resolution and team building. There are also those traits in leadership that are acquired through training, for example, listening and empathy skills from guidance and counsel ling classes, conflict resolution and team building from the managing people courses that people attend. Peterson & Sondergaard (2008) asserted that an organization that experiences effective ethical leadership, experiences high output. The staff on the other

Historical Documentary Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Historical Documentary - Essay Example But one form of documentary was on an upwards curve even into the new millennium - the history documentary" Documentary films are non-fiction films which portray the events which have already happened and which are happening at the moment. This developed in time to be the historical documentaries which have entered a golden age in the literal sense of the word. This boom is attributed to many factors like the political changes, the crucial event in a country, the anxious arrival of the millennium, the unpredicted development of technology, and the accessibility of information. It is also due to freedom of information, favourable political and economical factors, the establishments of film archives, the regular transformation of the filmgoers and producers, prevailing nostalgia of what we left behind and the demand for more real historical events. Over and above these causes, the other noteworthy change was the co productions of history documentaries and political and economical conditions which added to the flourishing of these types of documentaries. "The documentary--whether it is a written account, a photograph, or a film--has long served as one of the primary sources for historians writing about the past as well as one of the key forms, historians use to communicate their stories about the past." (Professor Jill Watts -History 300B, spring 2007) Documentary film was actually born of the written and photographic tradition Initially, documentary films were just current events which had certain significance for the people living at that particular period of time. This created a genre of films which have a say not for the universal time but for only a period. This type of documentary would have had its heyday only when certain pulverizing events such as wars and political controversies took place. When the heat of the debate wears off, there is no more interest on the specific documentary anymore. History Documentary films have reflected attitudes and internal changes in British society for a century. British documentary as a notable movie genre surfaced around 1906. From then on documentary films began establishing a theme. The theme usually focused on the way of life of British working class and rarely touched on other types as well. An apt example of this is 'The Drifters' by Grierson The growth of Documentaries It is essential to note that the government and national agencies funded the production and distribution of such documentaries in the 1920s and 1930s. Popular agencies which got involved in this type of film making are the Ministries of Transport, Trade, Information, the General Post Office and Empire Marketing Board. The British documentary directors were all socialists and their documentaries such as Workers for Jobs by Arthur Elton in 1934, and then by Edgar Anstey in 1935 to devastating effect in Housing Problems for the Gas Light and Coal Company were technically advanced, using the latest film equipment in novel and exciting ways. They used synchronized sound-recording on location. Another important factor to note is that the 16mm film became standardized by Eastman and Bell & Howell in 1923 and the films were exhibited at cinemas as a

Different Propaganda Means in World War II Essay Example for Free

Different Propaganda Means in World War II Essay 1. Introduction a) General Background We know that propaganda used in war had effects on the outcome of the war from GCSE Modern World History second edition that propaganda means used in war had contributed to the war efforts which directly affected the outcome of the war. Many propaganda means such as movies and songs flourished during this era and even until today. b) Rationale of Research Our paper aims to show how the propaganda means helped to contribute to the war effort by blinding the civilians from facts, so that they would continue to support the government in their war efforts and not lose poise in the war. The sources that we have selected were produced and used at the period of war and thus are eligible as a primary source. c) Research Questions * How does propaganda affect the outcome of war? * How effectual is each different mean of propaganda? d) Scope of Research We will only be looking at the 4 different means of propaganda stated: o Chaplins (1940) movie- The Great Dictator o Almanac Singers (1942) song- Round and Round Hitlers Grave o Clampetts (1942) cartoon- Any Bonds Today o Smiths (1942) propaganda poster about war bonds We will also bring in historical knowledge that we obtained from the books and websites indicated in the bibliographical section. e) Limitations of Research Our paper will only discuss how propaganda is effective in the primary sources that we will be using. We will only mention how effective each of these sources are, bringing in historical background to support our view. Our paper will only be discussing on these specific sources mentioned and not propaganda as a whole broad topic. 2. Literature Review Chaplins and Clampetts movies plus Almanac Singers song criticised the Axis Powers. They were anti-Nazi Propaganda and were efficient in spreading propaganda. Clampetts cartoons and Smiths poster appealed to the Americans to support the war through buying war bonds. Chaplins movie shows that Hitler is uncivilized, as seen in a cake fight whilst discussing war issues with Italy-an ally. Clampetts cartoon shows that the Axis Powers were uncooperative when they stepped on the Dove of Peace. Almanac Singers song lyrics (Appendix 2) was insulting, Wished I had old Hitler /with a rope around his neck and continues about dancing round Hitlers grave. The first movie was produced to ridicule Hitler with very little purpose except for a speech (Appendix 3) because America was still a neutral country during 1940, but in Europe war had commenced. All resources made use of either audio or visual. It was the era whereby poems were no longer effectual and popular means of expression. Hence, propaganda was conveyed in posters, songs aired on radio and movies in theatres worldwide. Audio and visual aids provided a lucid picture of happenings and task definition enabling the government to easily persuade the people to do their biddings. The movies were directed by famous people (such as Warner Brothers, Charles Chaplin), whom civilians thought were trust-worthy and thus easily swayed. Moreover, most propaganda accentuates the importance of war bonds in the War. Bugs Bunny in Any Bonds Today (Appendix 6) was saying that without the bonds, we cant make tomorrows plan, which is to win the war. Even in this song there is a propaganda poster (Appendix 5) on war, patriotism and to procure war bonds (Appendix 4). Smiths poster was specifically on war bonds but just in a different form. The poster illustrates the repercussions without war bonds and shows a Nazi shadow cast over children. Therefore, buying bonds will safeguard them from the Axis. Patriotism resulted in exceedingly successful recruitment and maintenance of peace in the country. Patriotism prevented war at home while combating enemies. It was evoked through a poster signifying victory (Appendix 5), shown as the backdrop of Clampetts movie and also through criticising and making Axis Powers look inferior. Hence, Allies gain confidence. Not all movies were totally censored by the government and thus contained more truths. However, animated cartoons were still successful. The audience were predominantly children and upon listening to the catchy tunes and vivid pictures, persuade their parents into buying bonds for their well-being. The success of war propaganda for bonds reaped 185 billion dollars enabling the vast expansion of arms. Chaplins speech gave Germany hope that when dictators die, liberty will return to the people; this helped alleviate tension in Europe. The song (Appendix 2) was performed by a band formed by the government for propaganda purposes. Their songs were highly popular at that era and helped stir patriotism in the Americans. All the propaganda, even if not asking to acquire war bonds, was useful in convincing the people that the Axis were inferior to the Allies. 3. Research Methodology We have evaluated the germane resources that we can access and selected four sources that we will be using in our paper. These sources are primary sources as they were produced and released during World War II. After the selection of the resources, we analysed each of the sources individually to detect the characteristics of each source. We also accessed the impact they had at that time derived from historical knowledge. We then look at critics standpoint of these sources and found out that reviews and critics on these sources were scarce and extraneous to our paper and we decided to prohibit these critics, as most did not have any relevance to our paper. Subsequently, we look at all the sources and list down their similarities and differences from the examination of each source. 4. Results Analysis All the sources that we have used proved to be valuable in showing us the influence these propaganda tools may even have on us. These sources were used by the Allies to convince the civilians that the Axis Powers are the unscrupulous guys and they are to remove these threats. Chaplins The Great Dictator and Almanac Singers Round and Round Hitlers Grave were aimed at Hitler and the purpose of the movie was to destroy Hitlers reputation. These sources ridicule Hitler and persuaded the people to despise and condemn him. Clampetts cartoons and Smiths poster applied more to the persuasion of the civilians to buy war bonds to help to lighten the burden the economy have to take. These sources use patriotism to persuade the civilians to help to buy war bonds. 5. Conclusion a. Has our research proved our hypothesis correct / wrong? Our research has proven our hypothesis correct. Our research had shown that propaganda helped to collect the necessary resources needed for war, which is money and manpower. In World War II, propaganda means had evolved into sophisticated structure where many factors are included. Propaganda became an essential tool that would be necessary in war, as it would help the government to haul support from the civilians in order to get enough resources for war. b. Questions for further research 1) Why did poems lose popularity as a form of propaganda means in World War 2? 2) How did movies gain popularity as propaganda means in the war? 3) Why were Audio Aids more effective than Audio-Visual Aids in the war as a propaganda tool? 6. Bibliography a) Books: Lowe, Norman (1997) Mastering Modern World History third edition. New York: Palgrave Publishers Ltd Tate, Nicholas (1999) A History of the Modern World 1917-1952 fifth edition. Singapore: Federal Publications Pte Ltd Walsh, Ben (2002) GCSE Modern World History second edition. London: John Murray Publishers Ltd b) Websites: http://www.graham.day.dsl.pipex.com/ww2001.htm http://www.apcpapercollect.com/propaganda.htm http://www.hitler.org/speeches/ http://www.hitler.org/writings/programme/ http://www.earthstation1.com/Tokyo_Rose.html http://www.playwinningpoker.com/articles/mz/war1.html http://www.warfoto.com/entertain.htm http://lcweb.loc.gov/exhibits/bobhope/uso.html http://www.nauticom.net/www/harts/homefront.html http://www.a2zcds.com/cds/history/world_war_2.htm http://www.ingeb.org/WWII.html http://www.calvin.edu/academic/cas/gpa/ww2era.htm http://www.archives.ca/05/0534/053402_e.html http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/presidents/32_f_roosevelt/psources/#a http://www.42explore.com/worldwar2.htm http://www.ac.wwu.edu/~hansenb2/materialsWW2.pdf http://www.historyguy.com/day_of_infamy.html http://journals2.iranscience.net:800/www.internet-magazine.com/tesla.liketelevision.com/default.htm http://members.home.nl/ww2propaganda/index.html http://www.virtualology.com/virtualwarmuseum.com/hallofworldwarii/ http://www.oldeagle.nu/post/ http://www.hitler.org/speeches/ http://www.hitler.org/writings/programme/ http://www.archives.gov/exhibit_hall/powers_of_persuasion/powers_of_persuasion_home.html http://home.nc.rr.com/tuco/looney/lists/war.html http://www.teacheroz.com/WWIIpropaganda.htm http://members.aol.com/FenixFlyte/chaplin.html http://propaganda.ww2.klup.info/ http://www.graham.day.dsl.pipex.com/ww2001.htm http://www.apcpapercollect.com/propaganda.htm http://www.hitler.org/speeches/ http://www.hitler.org/writings/programme/ http://www.earthstation1.com/Tokyo_Rose.html http://www.playwinningpoker.com/articles/mz/war1.html http://www.warfoto.com/entertain.htm http://lcweb.loc.gov/exhibits/bobhope/uso.html http://www.nauticom.net/www/harts/homefront.html http://www.a2zcds.com/cds/history/world_war_2.htm http://www.ingeb.org/WWII.html http://www.calvin.edu/academic/cas/gpa/ww2era.htm http://www.archives.ca/05/0534/053402_e.html http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/presidents/32_f_roosevelt/psources/#a http://www.42explore.com/worldwar2.htm http://www.ac.wwu.edu/~hansenb2/materialsWW2.pdf http://www.historyguy.com/day_of_infamy.html http://journals2.iranscience.net:800/www.internet-magazine.com/tesla.liketelevision.com/default.htm http://members.home.nl/ww2propaganda/index.html http://www.virtualology.com/virtualwarmuseum.com/hallofworldwarii/ http://tesla.liketelevision.com/liketelevision/tuner.php?channel=608format=tvtheme=guide http://tesla.liketelevision.com/liketelevision/vip/alacart.php?channel=687p=5theme=guide http://www.lib.berkeley.edu/MRC/FilmonVideoVid.html http://www.bcdb.com/bcdb/detailed.cgi?filmtml3p=s http://looney.toonzone.net/miscelooneyous/tvtitles/tvtitles1.html http://www.kidscastle.si.edu/channels/history/articles/historyarticle22.html http://www.smithsonianmag.si.edu/smithsonian/issues02/feb02/war_bonds.html http://www.archives.gov/exhibit_hall/powers_of_persuasion/word_document/bugs_bunny_video_description.txt http://wso.williams.edu/~dgerstei/chaplin/nazi.html http://www.splicedonline.com/95andbefore/chaplin1_dvd.html http://www.aicgs.org/resources/daad/1995010.shtml c) Acknowledgements: Many thanks to our mentor Miss Foo Yang Yann for helping us out in many areas of our paper. d) References: Clown Ministry (2003). Text of Charlie Chaplins speech from The Great Dictator, aka Look up, Hannah. http://www.clown-ministry.com/Articles/Poetry/chaplin-great-dictator.html, last accessed 7 Aug 2003. Florit, Luis A. (2003). The Speech of The Great Dictator. http://w3.impa.br/~luis/chaplin.html, last accessed 7 Aug 2003. Geer, Goopy (2003). Goopy Geers Rare Cartoons Page War Cartoons. http://members.fortunecity.com/goopygeer2/, last accessed 7 Aug 2003. Helfert, Manfred (2003). Round And Round Hitlers Grave (Woody Guthrie/Millard Lampell/Pete Seeger). http://www.geocities.com/Nashville/3448/round.html, last accessed 7 Aug 2003. National Archives and Records Administration (2003). NARA | Exhibit Hall | Exhibit Hall Main Page. http://www.archives.gov/exhibit_hall/, last accessed 7 Aug 2003. Rotten Tomatoes (2003). The Great Dictator (1940): Charlie Chaplin, Paulette Goddard, Jack Oakie, Charlie Chaplin. http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/TheGreatDictator-1008790/, last accessed 7 Aug 2003.

Children and young peoples work force Essay Example for Free

Children and young peoples work force Essay Understand what is required for competence in own work role. 1.1 describe the duties and responsibilities of own work.W  hats in the contract  hours Lines of reporting  specific roles and responsibilities (behavioural support, supporting children and young people with special educational needs, supporting be;inhgual children and young people0  compliance with policies and procedures of the setting (behaviour, children and young people protection, health and safety, keeping up to date with changing procedures, keeping up to date with changes to practice). 1.2 explain expectations about own work role as expressed in relevant standards.  standards relevant to own work role, eg national occupational standards for childrena care, learning and development ( NOS CCLD),  national occupational standars for learning, development aqnd support services ( NOS LDSS)  -in relation to own duties and responsibilities eg role to expectations to meet standards eg CCLD 202 help to keep children safe, see more:explain expectations about own work role as expressed in relevant standards CCLD 303 promote childrens development LDSS 320 support the needs of children and young people with additional requirements, GCU 6 reflect on, develop and maintain your practice  course apprenticehsip notes  coursework starter  hayley  rough notes  guidelines  to use for when get stuck  in starter pack LDSS 320 support the needs of children and young people with additional requirements, GCU 6 reflect on, develop and maintain your practice

Effect of Technology and Social Media on Conflict

Effect of Technology and Social Media on Conflict Jasmeen Lorna Laurence Sarvapriya Rajamanickam Tan Khang Le Wong Paik Yen Chow Jen Ni Joshua Low Wai Peng INTRODUCTION Interpersonal conflict occurs when an expressed struggle between two or more individuals who perceive incompatible goals, scare resources, and interference from others in achieving their goals. Interpersonal conflict may take place on love relationships, family relationships and friend relationships, also, in the workplace. Nowadays, social network will be one of the reasons that conflict arise especially Facebook. When talking about Facebook, almost everyone around you would know what it is and they do have an account of it. There is no doubt that Facebook have such a convenience function of access to each other easily. People use Facebook to keep up their relationships with friends and others who study, work and live around them. Also, it is to share stories with the people in your life with what you really want them to know. Besides that, people like to post some stuff and always accompanying with the mind that how many likes and comments they would gain on the post in the end. This action represents the satisfaction of agreement that they want to own from others. Through this ‘connect and share function’, there have the misuse of it too. People who misuse Facebook may turn the relationships into crisis between one and others. There is no doubt when the disagreement or dissatisfaction from others on what you have posted on Facebook will lead you to a psychological development; you will feel depressed, angry or frustrated. In order to reduce conflict with others, it depends on how you deal with it associated with what type of conflict style you are in. We have interviewed three people to discuss about the conflict that they have been experienced on Facebook and how they dealt with it. CONTENT Topical Themes A topical theme is the pattern of conflicts that analyses the common topics each interviewee has. The first interviewee, Jarvis had a friendship conflict with one of his classmates. Jarvis uses his victim’s Facebook account for his own jokes; writing a status that is very hurtful about the other person when they forgot to log out. Examples are ‘I am so fat’, ‘OMG my face is so ugly’ and etc. This messages or statuses can be seen by all the victim’s friends and families. It might even lead to punishment or suspension by the victim’s parents if they thought their son or daughter said that. His friends were constantly commenting and teasing him. This bad behaviour leads the other party very angry and unhappy. This attitude involves being self-centred, not caring how others might feel. In his revenge, the victim did the same to Jarvis’s Facebook account writing mean stuff about Jarvis. Both parties fought about the conflict which lead s to a bigger argument. However in the end, the conflict was sorted out by revealing the person who writes those statues in order to avoid any misunderstandings. Both parties understood how it feels to be embarrassed and never to repeat this behaviour again. The second interviewee is a middle aged man named John. John experienced a conflict between his romantic partners. Almost every relationships struggle to overcome trust issues. For married couples, Facebook has become a barrier overcoming trust issues. When some husbands refuse to reveal their account password, their wife would suspect his husband doing unfaithful things behind her back. Those include cheating, dating and ‘romantic conversations’ with other women. This overthinking behaviour will lead to misunderstandings between husbands and wives, in conclusion having a bad impact on their relationships. However for some people, privacy is very important in maintaining relationships. Personal privacy strengthens both parties, results in a more happy and satisfied relationships. For John, it was only a misunderstanding between him and his wife, everything was sorted out and they lived happily. The conflict that the third interviewee faced is similar to the first interviewee. Veronica was also embarrassed by a friend that posted a status using her account. Family members and friends believed the content of her status but it wasn’t true about her. After that, she sent her a private message asking her friend to delete it immediately. But her friends already saw everything, and that did not get her way. Before that her emotions were affected by how people tease and laughed at her, but after that she ignores all the comments and responses. Her friend was also very sorry on what she did; Veronica forgave her act and wish it would not happen again. Escalation of conflict Escalation of conflict is how a conflict develops, from small arguments that lead to bigger arguments. The escalation of conflict for interviewee one is moderate escalation, which move from small fights to slightly bigger arguments. This can be seen where both parties did the same thing to hurt each other. They end up fighting and it became an argument where friends and families are able to see on their Facebook walls. Mean words such as stupid, idiot causes anger and hatred between parties, results in a lengthy argument. From a tiny mistake, to a playful thought then to a huge problem; so before using something that does not belong to ourselves, we have to think of the possible consequences. The escalation of conflict for interviewee two and three is very neutral. There was neither argument nor fights, problems were solved. Emotional responses Facebook is a worldwide known social networking site that has numerous advantages and disadvantages. Through Facebook, one can face both good and bad conflict. By being exposed to conflicts via this medium, a person can gain knowledge on the new types of conflict faced and the ways to manage it wisely without hurting both parties. Emotions are encountered when a person’s feelings and senses are provoked by even the slightest act. When it becomes too personal, we respond differently as our mind and thought changes without us realizing it. This is when we have to learn to control our emotions when we are facing conflicts as the reaction we respond is vital in determining whether the conflict will escalate or dispute. According to all our interviewees, they faced similar types of issues in Facebook where the other parties posted fake status or even commented negatively to them who were the victims. This results in various emotions running through the victims’ mind and they were mad at the moment of the incident as all their friends started to be judgmental towards them without knowing the true stories behind it. All they did was remaining calm and not acting out immediately without thinking twice. The first interviewee managed his conflict by investigating the culprit in the first place. The second interviewee ignored the negative comment that was sent by his friend whereas; the third interviewee confronted the person through sending messages in Facebook to the offender. Our interviewees handled their emotions well during conflict because they realized they were not doing any mistakes and they were in the right track. They were not carried away by behaving hastily where it could escalate th e conflict even worse. Hence, we should learn working with our own emotions by understanding them and practice expressing ourselves in a more accurate mode as it leads to a better conflict resolution and conflict is one major issue that has no end to it where is a lifelong process for us to develop our mental state. Conclusion To sum up, the topical theme of the interviewees that we have been interviewed is mainly about teasing by friends or gets some negative/judgmental comments on Facebook. Sometimes conflict created unconsciously when someone unintentionally making a joke on somebody or commenting on somebody status. This is the main reason of conflict arises. How we going to solve a conflict when conflict occurs? It depends on what conflict systems you are in, for example, avoidant system, collaborative system, and aggressive system. According to all of the interviewees, they have the similarity of escalation of conflict which has neutral escalation of conflict. They just act calm and ignored the negative comments or reveal their true feeling calmly to their friends in private. They are more into avoidant system or collaborative system. Additionally, conflict may also affect our emotion feeling when it’s happen. Refer to what our interviewees said, they will feel crazy at first when someone attack them, then, they will keep calm and think wisely to solve the conflict. Lastly, the consequences will escalate or de-escalate which follow by how they solve it. DISCUSSION Public Nature Facebook is one of the listed companies across the global and it is actually a social network where you use to communicate with each other and to make new friends. But, due to its status as a social networking site, it is wide open and nothing is really private when it comes to social networking because it does not included the privacy that we need. It will somehow affect the relationship between humans when doing something bad such as posting status about people or jealousy towards someone who commented on the person you are close too and so on. From the first interviewee that we have interviewed, the conflict that he encounters is that he wrote status which is sometimes funny or dirty and not to forget using someone’s Facebook account to post unwanted things when they forget to log out. He added that this is a bad behaviour as people may think that the person actually posted a status or things that are related to them that is untrue and will certainly judge them. Eventually, the other person would also start posting status about the other guy who posted those unwanted stuff at his Facebook page and there is where both of them fight and it lead to an argument which can be visible on their Facebook walls. This may affect the friendship between the both parties and possibility of ruining the friendship is high. By resolving the conflict that is going on, he reveals the person who wrote the status using the other person’s Facebook. The 2nd interviewee had seen bad conflicts on Facebook. He mentioned that people like to do negative comment on something they are supporting it and tend to be very harsh and very rude in words when they do not agree on something. For instance, people post a status toward the person they don’t like just to make them feel down. But instead of that, they should meet up and solve in properly. And some of the people at Facebook may flame the person who is already led down in the status which leads to make use of other person status to critic others. Another conflict that involves the husband and wife is the trust issue that is create through Facebook. If husband refused to hand out his password to the wife, the wife will have thought that the husband maybe hiding something from her and it will lead to misunderstanding even though there is nothing wrong, and sometimes when it comes to the worse, it may lead to divorce cases which destroy the marriage relationship because of such small matter. The second interviewee also added saying that somehow, there is people that can strengthen their relationship but as for some of the people who do not know how to manage this kind of conflict; it will lead to a bad ending in the relationship. The 3rd interviewee also encounter conflict where it is something similar with the first interviewee where her friend posted a status about her which is untrue and it was embarrassing for her as everyone who saw it including her family believed in the status. It did impa ct her emotionally but she and friend sat down and talk about it and the friend feel sorry for doing so. Power Play The definition of power which is also applied to all from the physical to the psychics is where â€Å"the ability to create change against the opposition. There are two types of power play which is active or passive. The active power play takes place when we usually get what we want when we presume resistance from another party. Meanwhile on passive power play are the connections we use when we resist the wish of other people. There is two powers that plays in these exchange which is the high power and the low power, high power is mostly the dominant of the conversation in here which have the power to convince people, the force that pushes his or her speech. They can do much more comparing to the low power people as the low power people do not really have the force and authority to fight back which they are lack of self-esteem. So with this, those with high power are likely to conquer and take over. For the dominant side of the conversation, they are holding up with their relational power of communication skills. As mention previously about the three interviewees both have either encounter or seen before conversion in the Facebook was taken over by the high power people as they have the conversational skills, their persuasive ability to persuade others about the untrue stuff mention towards the other person. CONCLUSION For those people who are trying to manage their conflict on Facebook, it is advisable to meet the other party face to face. If they can’t do so, it is important to talk things out in private. By posting your arguments or dissatisfaction about a matter in public will only create more problems. Kindly explain to them what bothers you. Make sure you figure out the main problem or objective. Communication is crucial in solving a conflict. They should talk to the other person about the problem maturely instead of bashing each other on Facebook. They shouldn’t get carried away with momentary misunderstanding. We cannot run away from conflicts on Facebook but we could actually prevent from getting involved in it such as not adding or confirming any unknown friends request and do not upload obscene photos of yours because some people might use it to manipulate you or use it for unrighteous reasons. Since everyone can see whatever you posted on Facebook, you should not post harsh words or anything that will humiliate someone. You may not realise that such status or comment may have great impact to the other party. If you have posted something hurtful, be brave enough to apologize and never repeat it. In business it is common when people try to pull you down, negative comments can hurt us but it is important to ignore those words because it will only demotivate you. Also, when managing conflict, rather than being angry, you should keep calm and analyse the matter wisely before taking any actions. Listen to what the other party have to say and always learn to forgive. Sometimes you may have misunderstood about a matter which isn’t about you at all because we humans are so paranoid about everything. Believe it or not the â€Å"I† statements can actually help to solve conflict better because the other party will see your side of the story without feeling accused or victimized. Put yourself in their place so that you could understand their feelings and point of views. Don’t ruin a friendship or relationship for an unreasonable misunderstanding.

Obesity in Australia :: Health, Diseases

Obesity is becoming a major health problem in developing countries like Australia, North America, Europe and other developing nations. The Australian Diabetes, obesity and life style study (AUSDIAB) predicts the changes in glucose indices; health behaviour and incidence of diabetes in 5 year follow up experiments among 5842 participants (Barr et al., 2007). This study suggests that a large number of Australians suffered mortality due to cardiovascular diseases associated with abnormal glucose metabolism every year. The Framingham Heart Study revealed that hypertension, diabetes and left ventricular remodelling lead to the development of congestive heart failure (Levy et al., 1996). The Framingham Heart Study also found that a 5% increase in weight increases the chance of hypertension by 30% over a four-year period of time. An increased sympathetic activity, impaired renin-angiotensin system, retention of fluid volume, peripheral vasoconstriction, dyslipidaemia, increased blood visco sity due to the increased haematocrit and fibrinogen may increase pressure overload on heart in obesity (Schunkert, 2002). Several studies also suggest that the cause of hypertension itself may contribute to left ventricular hypertrophy in obese individuals as the increase of BMI increases the chance of hypertension (De Simone et al., 1994; Avelar et al., 2007). High dietary fat intake increases the expression of angiotensin IB(AT1B) and Endothelin A (ETA) receptors (Neilsen et al., 2004; Zhang et al., 2005). Plasma concentrations of angiotensin II and endothelin 1 (physiological vasoconstrictor agents) were increased in both obese patients and animal models (Barton et al., 2000; Neilsen et al., 2004; Zhang et al., 2005). Recent studies have shown that reduced synthesis of nitric oxide (NO; a major vasodilator) from L-arginine in endothelial cells is a major factor contributing to the impaired action of insulin in the vasculature of obese and diabetic subjects. Obesity results from an imbalance between energy intake and expenditure. Growing evidence suggests that arginine plays an important role in regulating metabolism of energy substrates in mammals (Frank et al. 2007; Jobgen et al. 2006). NO is synthesized from L-arginine by NO synthase. As a signalling molecule, physiological levels of NO stimulate glucose uptake, as well as glucose and fatty-acid oxidation in skeletal muscle, heart, liver, and adipose tissues (Jobgen et al. 2006). Nitric oxide also inhibits the synthesis of glucose, glycogen and lipid in liver and adipose tissues and enhances lipolysis in subcutaneous adipocytes (Jobgen et al. Obesity in Australia :: Health, Diseases Obesity is becoming a major health problem in developing countries like Australia, North America, Europe and other developing nations. The Australian Diabetes, obesity and life style study (AUSDIAB) predicts the changes in glucose indices; health behaviour and incidence of diabetes in 5 year follow up experiments among 5842 participants (Barr et al., 2007). This study suggests that a large number of Australians suffered mortality due to cardiovascular diseases associated with abnormal glucose metabolism every year. The Framingham Heart Study revealed that hypertension, diabetes and left ventricular remodelling lead to the development of congestive heart failure (Levy et al., 1996). The Framingham Heart Study also found that a 5% increase in weight increases the chance of hypertension by 30% over a four-year period of time. An increased sympathetic activity, impaired renin-angiotensin system, retention of fluid volume, peripheral vasoconstriction, dyslipidaemia, increased blood visco sity due to the increased haematocrit and fibrinogen may increase pressure overload on heart in obesity (Schunkert, 2002). Several studies also suggest that the cause of hypertension itself may contribute to left ventricular hypertrophy in obese individuals as the increase of BMI increases the chance of hypertension (De Simone et al., 1994; Avelar et al., 2007). High dietary fat intake increases the expression of angiotensin IB(AT1B) and Endothelin A (ETA) receptors (Neilsen et al., 2004; Zhang et al., 2005). Plasma concentrations of angiotensin II and endothelin 1 (physiological vasoconstrictor agents) were increased in both obese patients and animal models (Barton et al., 2000; Neilsen et al., 2004; Zhang et al., 2005). Recent studies have shown that reduced synthesis of nitric oxide (NO; a major vasodilator) from L-arginine in endothelial cells is a major factor contributing to the impaired action of insulin in the vasculature of obese and diabetic subjects. Obesity results from an imbalance between energy intake and expenditure. Growing evidence suggests that arginine plays an important role in regulating metabolism of energy substrates in mammals (Frank et al. 2007; Jobgen et al. 2006). NO is synthesized from L-arginine by NO synthase. As a signalling molecule, physiological levels of NO stimulate glucose uptake, as well as glucose and fatty-acid oxidation in skeletal muscle, heart, liver, and adipose tissues (Jobgen et al. 2006). Nitric oxide also inhibits the synthesis of glucose, glycogen and lipid in liver and adipose tissues and enhances lipolysis in subcutaneous adipocytes (Jobgen et al.

Book Jackets :: Essays Papers

Book Jackets Book jacket, book cover, dust jacket, dust cover. They are all words that describe one pretty innocuous thing: the thing that covers the hard cardboard cover of a book. The book jacket was developed for practical purposes only: to protect books from dust, insects and other harmful entities. However, as years progressed, the book jacket has become a separate part of the book itself and the reading experience. The book jacket has morphed into not only an addendum used to help sell the book, but also into a piece of art in and of itself. Classic books such as Ralph Ellison's The Invisible Man , Joseph Heller's Catch-22 and newer titles such as Michael Crichton's Jurassic Park and Chuck Palahniuk's Lullaby . There's even a celebrity book jacket designer in our midst; it's hard to miss Chip Kidd and his eclectic and eye catching designs gracing the shelves of bookstores and libraries across the country and the world. The book jacket has come a long way since its early inception as a protector of books; it has become the first step in the reading experience. Although book covers have been decorated for many years, it wasn't until the 1800s that book jackets came into existence. â€Å"Book jackets first appeared in England in the nineteenth century, in a culture that was still discovering the rules of consumerism. Their early evolution came about in fits and starts, constrained by cultural inhibitions that are now difficult to understand. When decoration was present on the outside of the book, it took the form of either blocking onto binding cloth, or pasting printed paper sheets onto the front and back boards† (Powers 6). Up until the advent of book jackets at this time, the decorated covers of books were quite popular and even produced celebrities of book cover design. Aubrey Beardsley and Sarah Wyman Whitman were popular book cover designers of the 1800s. Pasted paper designs started appearing on books as early as the 1830s which soon gave way to two colored textured designs and gold stamping in the 1840s and 1850s. As the years progressed, the use of text and colored ink was simplified and became commonplace on book covers around the world. â€Å"The transformation of book design owed much to the Arts and Crafts movement, which revered the book as an object both functional and aesthetic, a part of everyday life yet worthy of care and adornment.

Female Education Essay

Intrcduction: Education means mental and moral training. It is the light that clears off the darkness of ignorance from our mental horizon. It open wide to our vision the vastness of God’s creation and enables us to think about the merciful creator of this universe. It is a blessing. It ensures a perfect and harmonious development of our innate qualities and makes us worthy of the name `Ashraful Makhlukat’ Education should be universal: Education is a light to which everybody has the equal right. When God created man and woman, he drew no hard and fast line of distinction between them. He endowed them all equally with the bright and noble faculties. So education cannot be an exclusive possession of any class or sect or sex. So God made the pursuit of knowledge compulsory for every man and woman. So education should be universal. It should be imparted to both man and woman, Who form one-half of the population. They should not be refused the benefits of education. View against female education: There are, however, some people who are strongly opposed to the female education. They say that it is useless to impart education to women, whose duties are confined to household affairs, rearing of children and ministering to the comforts of their male parents. Reasons for educating women: It is true that women have many special tasks in life and there sphere of duties are different from those of men. But we should that these tasks also need training and education. Unless women get proper education, all their prospective faculties get crippled. It is only by imparting proper education to them that we can expect them to discharge the duties nicely and decently. Secondly, education of children depends a great deal upon mothers. Childhood is the most impressionable stage and anything good or bad, taught to child makes an indelible mark on his mind. Can we have educated and ideal citizens when the mothers themselves are foolish and ignorant ? No, we can not. Thirdly, every woman is a potential mother. The future of a child greatly depends on how it is brought up and educated in childhood. An educated mother is naturally expected to bring up and educate her children better than an uneducated mother. Fourthly, social responsibilities should also be shared by men and women. In domestic life a woman can lend a helping hand to her husband. when a husband returns home extremely tired after the day’s hard toil in the outside world, it is for her to cheer him up and to make his life easy and comfortable. She serves as the best and truest friend and her words go a long way towards influencing her husband for what is good and noble. these are the strongest points in favour of female education. However, opinions may differ in respect of the nature of education to be imparted to woman. Traditional system of education for girls to be changed: Our main object is to educate our women systematically and carefully. By education we do not mean the winning of different Degrees of the university. The traditional system of education for girls should be changed. Cooking, Sewing, Child rearing, Home Economics and Nursing should be introduced in the curriculum of their studies. studies. Some are under the impression that education makes woman foppish, weak and quite incapable of discharging their domestic duties. But they must know what makes them so is not education at all. Early marriage should be abolished : Early marriage is one of the hindrances to female education in our country. It is a custom among the muslims to get their daughters and sisters married before they attain puberty. they are married before they understand well their duties as wives and often they become mothers before they pass their girlhood. so the system by all means be abolished from our society. Conclusion: All steps necessary should be taken to encourage universal female education for the survival of our nation. It is heartening to note that the Government has recently declared free and compulsory education for rural girls upto class [pic].

Fremount High School Jonathan Kozol Essay

Jonathan Kozol is a well-known advocate for social injustice and public education. He is an educator, activist, and writer. He advocates through his writing. One of his articles was about a High school in a well-recognized city across the United States of America. The 8 page article referring to Fremont High School, Fremont High school is between San Pedro Street and Avalon Boulevard in South central Los Angeles. In this city, Fremont High School is known as a friendly school, with an eight hour schedule. Jonathan Kozol visited Fremont high during the spring of 2003. An eight foot high fence with spikes on the top, are what separate Fremont High from the city. School windows are shielded or boarded from gunfire to keep the students safe. Some classes are taught in portables or storage rooms. Some storage rooms do not even have windows and this is where the students are being taught. Students at Fremont are given thirty minutes for lunch and are all fed together at the same time. Many students don’t even bother to eat, due to the limited time they get and the conditions they are in. Rodents run freely in Fremont high. Hamburger buns have rat bite marks and rat droppings have been found around the school. Fremount High School Jonathan Kozol At Fremont only one or two bathrooms are operational and there are fifteen bathrooms short that are required by the law. Since there only a few restrooms available the lines are tremendously long, students don’t get to use the bathroom at times, and are usually late for class. In most cases the facilities are unclean and lacking basic toiletries. Some parts of the high school lacks proper ventilation system for students such air conditioning; students have been known to turn red and nauseated. Also students who want certain classes such as the advanced placement courses and college courses are not able to get them. The library is almost always closed throughout the year. Conclusively, two thirds of ninth of grade students drop out before receiving a diploma or reaching the twelfth grade. Ironically, Fremont High School is known as the friendly school of South Central Los Angeles. However this high school shouldn’t be even considered to be a functional public facility, let alone be open as a learning establishment. Imagine not having basic toiletries, not having enough time to eat or being taught in small storage closet without ventilation. I can understand and doesn’t surprise my why so many students drop out from Fremont High. It hurts to hear what those students face on a daily basis. While I was reading this article about this terrible school, the words sickened me. It left me feeling shocked and wanting to find out more about this school. So I did, I found out that Fremont high closed at one point for reconstruction a year or two after this article and is open now. Almost everything that had a negative effect such conditions changed as well as some new curricular courses. My conclusion on the article that Jonathan Kozol wrote referring to Fremont High is that this article was needed to help make a positive change in the education Fremont provided. The conditions of the school were improved and they are working on ways to help students stay in school and not drop out. Before the conditions were improved, I could hardly believe that a school being in the U. S could have such terrible conditions and still be open. At the time of this article was written Fremont high was a bad school, not in the sense that the teachers didn’t care for the students or the students missed behaved, but in the sense that government needed to provide more funds to the school to help the school function properly. In time the school closed for reconstruction for a few months, and now students are attending the school right now in adequate learning conditions. When people say Jonathan Kozol is an advocate for public education it’s the truth because without this article much of the public would have not known about the problems occurring in Fremont High. I believe he deserves much more recognition in the things he does to help in prove the learning of others. He is a great example of how one person can make a change for the good of others.

Promoting autonomy of oneself and others Essay

Introduction                     Autonomy is the ability to have the capacity for self-governance or have self- determination. This is a concept which comes out through various arenas. For example, the moral autonomy is usually governed by the moral laws ( Deci, 2010). Therefore, personal autonomy can be said to be the capacity of a person to pursue actions based on moral content. This paper will compare the philosophical work by Nietzsche and MacIntyre and determine who offers the best tool of promoting autonomy. Over the past centuries, the teachings of Friedrich Nietzsche have transformed and penetrated every realm of social culture in the Western world. In his essays, he examines the significance of people’s ability to make promises. He states that to hold to the promises made requires both confidence about the future and very powerful memory that will ensure that certain issues are not forgotten. According to Nietzsche confidence requires one to be predictable or calculable and, therefore, he or she must share common sets of customs and laws that govern his or her behaviour (Risse, 2001). The society and morality play an important part of making a person predictable, therefore, giving the person ability to make promises. This process according to Nietzsche is complicated as it ends up in the ‘sovereign person’ who can make decisions, not only because the person in question is bounded by social mores but because he or she is the master of his or her own free will. The sovereign of an individual is characterised by tremendous responsibilities of one being free to make claims in regard to his or her future. This sense of responsibility according to Nietzsche is called conscience (Risse, 2001). Nietzsche defines the concept of ‘bad conscience and guiltiness using German words for ‘debt’ and ‘guilt.’ He suggested that, originally, there were no relationship between guilt and accountability or immorality. Punishments were meted on the basis of reprisal and not on the basis of guilt. If a person failed to honour promises, then they were considered to be in debt the person they failed. The debt could then be balanced by punishing or torturing the person. This happened to a person say the creditor who had no interest of getting his money back from the debtor. Thus, the memory of making promises during this time was burdened and the punishments and cruelty ensured that the debtor does not forget his promises next time (Risse, 2001). Macintyre’s in his book, ‘After Virtue (1981)’ explains his long ethical project. The book diagnoses the rising issues in the society such as ‘culture of emotivism’ where the moral language pragmatically manipulates decisions, attitude and decision. According to the book, those moral cultures are said to be a theatre of illusion where the objectives of moral rhetoric masks the decisions. The books examine the part of the community in making the judgments about the truth or falsity. The work by MacIntyre also examines the reasons why human beings need virtues through investigating the social debts and needs of human agents and the part which they were playing in the formation of an independent practical person who can reason (Borden, 2007). The philosophy by Maclntyre’s is very important especially to the fields of communitarian politics and the virtues of ethics. He points out the insignificance of conventional business ethic as an application of the modern moral concepts in decision making. His work in philosophy has lead tremendous renewal of values over the last decades. For example, in his works his discusses the moral condemnation of Stalinism. His presentation of this concept draws two important conclusions related to morality, one is the fact of the people’s solidarity in discovering what people want in their moral life (Borden, 2007).. According to MacIntyre morality organises life of the community. As he concludes his book, he says that the concepts of morality are neither historical nor timeless and, therefore, the understanding the developments of historical, ethical concepts can liberate people from any falsity claims (Borden, 2007). MacIntyre’s Aristotelian offers the best tool of promoting autonomy of one self and others compared to Nietzsche because he examines the habits that humans should develop in order to make judgement and act efficiently in the pursuit of the true choices which have a worthy end. His examination has a very rich account on the deliberate activities by human that encompass moral formation and society life. He also accounts why humans have practical wisdom to do what is right based on the freedom of morality. References Borden, S. L. (2007). Journalism as practice: MacIntyre, virtue ethics and the press. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.. Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2010). The support of autonomy and the control of behavior. Journal of personality and social psychology, 53(6), 1024.Risse, M. (2001). The Second Treatise in In the Genealogy of Morality: Nietzsche on the Origin of the Bad Conscience. European Journal of Philosophy, 9(1), 55-81. Source document

Relationship of Neanderthals to Modern Humans

Relationship of Neanderthals to Modern Humans After extracting ancient DNA from the 40,000-year-old bones of Neanderthals, scientists have obtained a draft sequence of the Neanderthal genome, yielding important new insights into the evolution of modern humans. No other ancient people have aroused more controversy and confusion over the last century and a half than have the Neanderthals (3,4). There is an on-going debate as to whether they should be considered Homo sapiens.While the idea that modern humans originated in Africa and spread out to other parts of the world is widely accepted, several scenarios have been proposed to account for the replacement of neanderthal populations. The multi regional hypothesis holds that neanderthal populations in Eurasia and Africa were held together by gene flow. Fossil and genetic evidence supports an African origin for Modern Humans (1,3,5,9,10).A decade after scientists first cracked the human genome, researchers announced that they have done t he same for Neanderthals, the species of hominid that existed from roughly 400,000 to 30,000 years ago, when their closest relatives, early modern humans, may have driven them to extinction (1,3,5,9,10). Led by ancient-DNA expert Svante Paabo of Germany's Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, scientists reconstructed about 60% of the Neanderthal genome by analyzing tiny chains of ancient DNA extracted from bone fragments of three female Neanderthals excavated in the late 1970s and early '80s from a cave in Croatia (6,8).The bones are 38,000 to 44,000 years old. The genetic information turned up some intriguing findings, indicating, for instance, that at some point after early modern humans migrated out of Africa, they mingled and mated with Neanderthals, possibly in the Middle East or North Africa as much as 80,000 years ago (5,7,10). If that is the case, it occurred significantly earlier than scientists who support the interbreeding hypothesis would have expected. Com parisons with DNA from modern humans show that some Neanderthal DNA has survived to the present (3,4,7).Moreover, by analyzing ancient DNA alongside modern samples, scientists were able to identify a handful of genetic changes that evolved in modern humans sometime after their ancestors and Neanderthals diverged, 440,000 to 270,000 years ago (2,4). Researchers compared the Neanderthal genome with the genomes of five living people: one San from southern Africa, one Yoruba from West Africa, one Papua New Guinean, one Han Chinese and one French person (2,4,6).Scientists discovered that 1% to 4% of the latter three DNA samples is shared with Neanderthals — proof that Neanderthals and early modern humans interbred. The absence of Neanderthal DNA in the genomes of the two present-day Africans indicates that interbreeding occurred after some root population of early modern humans left Africa but before the species evolved into distinct groups in Europe and Asia (1,3,5,9,10). All stu dies of Neanderthal genomic DNA use material obtained from fossilized Neanderthal bones that are tens of thousands of years old.As one might expect, the quality of the material that can be recovered from such specimens is very poor, as DNA degrades over time. Consequently, there is wide variability in DNA preservation among available Neanderthal specimens, and most Neanderthal bones yield no usable DNA (2,3,4). When present, Neanderthal genomic DNA is recovered in short (50- to 100-bp) fragments (2,3,4) The information content of Neanderthal DNA is also degraded: Individual nucleotides are subject to chemical modification, with deamination of cytosine to uracil the most common lesion (2,4).Moreover, the fragments of Neanderthal genomic DNA are mixed with microbial contaminants that constitute >90% of the recovered DNA. The amount of DNA damage and microbial contamination are dependent on ambient environmental conditions: The ancient specimens that have provided the most intact DNA a re mammoth remains recovered from permafrost. These specimens often include preserved hair shafts and soft tissues from which relatively high-quality DNA can be recovered (2,4,5).None of the Neanderthal specimens providing the DNA for whole-genome sequencing approach this level of preservation (2,4,5,6). In addition to these challenges, ancient specimens frequently become contaminated with modern human DNA during handling and DNA extraction (2). This poses obvious problems for distinguishing modern human from Neanderthal DNA, since the frequency of single-base mismatches between the two genomes is estimated to be

Attachment Word Count 1466

Secondly I will explain how attachment informs in social work. ‘Among the most significant developments of psychiatry during the past quarter of a century has been the steady growth of evidence that the quality of parental care which a child receives in his earliest years is of vital importance to his future mental health’ (Bowlby. J. p11. 953) Attachment is an emotional relationship that involves comfort care and contentment. The roots of attachment were thought to be from Freuds theory’s about love, however John Bowlby is accredited with being the fore father of attachment theory. Bowlby shared the psychoanalytic view that early experiences in childhood have a major influence on development and behaviour later in life. Our early attachment styles are established in childhood through the infant/caregiver relationship. Kennhell and Klaus said that sometime attachment is confused with the natural bonding process that takes place between mother and child, and we should be careful not to mix these too up. Bowlby believed that attachment begins in infancy and carries on throughout life, resulting in several behavioural systems that are required for survival and reproduction. Bowlby suggested that there are four central characteristics of attachment; these are proximity maintenance, this is when the child strives to stay close to the care giver enabling the child to stay safe. Safe haven, this is when the child feel scared or afraid turning to the caregiver for support and comfort. Secure base, this is when the caregiver gives the child a protected place to discover the world from. Separation distress this is when the child get upset or distressed when it is absent from the caregiver. Bowlby suggested that attachment was an element of selected relationships throughout the lifespan, even though most of his research focused on infancy. Mary Ainsworth created a method called the strange situation. The method that Ainsworth had created was to examine that bond between the care giver and the child. The method is to examine the child playing for approximately twenty minutes while the care giver and the person who is unknown to the child enters and exit the room. This method creates a familiar and unfamiliar situation for the child. For some children this type of situation can be very stressful. The case of ‘Genie’ was an extreme example of a child that had no attachment or social contact resulting in her being a feral child. She was unable to talk dress herself or toilet herself, when support was implemented within a few days progress was seen to be made, showing that even though no attachment had been made the child was still able to learn new behaviours. A striking example of adult attachment to a parent is the comment made by a 40 year old lady who had lost her mother; I never realised, until she was gone, how much my own sense of confidence depended on knowing that if I ran into trouble I could always turn to her for help and advice. Goldberg 2000 p10)in my own experience of working with adult services, I gained an understanding of how separation could have affected an elderly couple’s health. After 60 years of marriage social services where call in to assess their situation as they where no longer able to cope due to the fact the wife had senile dementia. Initially the was talk of them being home together however a standard care home would not have met the need of the wife, a nursing home was needed for her. This was seen as being detrimental to both their health due to separation. Therefore, it was seen to be better to provide them with support in their own home. In conclusion children who are securely attached tend to have trusting, long-term relationships in their adulthood. As adults and being securely attached, these same individuals have a great understanding and perspective on important relationships in their lives. They demonstrate a forgiving attitude toward their mate and tend to show compassion for others. They tend to speak of how their past experiences have influenced their present feelings and relationships. References Bowlby, J. (1953) Childcare and the growth of maternal love. Harmondsworth: Penguin Books. Feeney,J. Noller,P. (1996) Adult Attachment. London: sage publications. Goldberg, S. (2000) Attachment and Development. London: Arnold publishers. Howe,D. (1995) Attachment theory for social work practice. London: Macmillan press. Smith, Cowie, Blades. online. ‘The Adult Attachment Interview (AAI). Understanding Children’s Development’. York College: Homepage, (http://www. ycc. ac. uk/yc/new/HUMSOC/psycho/unit1/adultatt. htm), (5 December 2008) Attachment Word Count 1466 Secondly I will explain how attachment informs in social work. ‘Among the most significant developments of psychiatry during the past quarter of a century has been the steady growth of evidence that the quality of parental care which a child receives in his earliest years is of vital importance to his future mental health’ (Bowlby. J. p11. 953) Attachment is an emotional relationship that involves comfort care and contentment. The roots of attachment were thought to be from Freuds theory’s about love, however John Bowlby is accredited with being the fore father of attachment theory. Bowlby shared the psychoanalytic view that early experiences in childhood have a major influence on development and behaviour later in life. Our early attachment styles are established in childhood through the infant/caregiver relationship. Kennhell and Klaus said that sometime attachment is confused with the natural bonding process that takes place between mother and child, and we should be careful not to mix these too up. Bowlby believed that attachment begins in infancy and carries on throughout life, resulting in several behavioural systems that are required for survival and reproduction. Bowlby suggested that there are four central characteristics of attachment; these are proximity maintenance, this is when the child strives to stay close to the care giver enabling the child to stay safe. Safe haven, this is when the child feel scared or afraid turning to the caregiver for support and comfort. Secure base, this is when the caregiver gives the child a protected place to discover the world from. Separation distress this is when the child get upset or distressed when it is absent from the caregiver. Bowlby suggested that attachment was an element of selected relationships throughout the lifespan, even though most of his research focused on infancy. Mary Ainsworth created a method called the strange situation. The method that Ainsworth had created was to examine that bond between the care giver and the child. The method is to examine the child playing for approximately twenty minutes while the care giver and the person who is unknown to the child enters and exit the room. This method creates a familiar and unfamiliar situation for the child. For some children this type of situation can be very stressful. The case of ‘Genie’ was an extreme example of a child that had no attachment or social contact resulting in her being a feral child. She was unable to talk dress herself or toilet herself, when support was implemented within a few days progress was seen to be made, showing that even though no attachment had been made the child was still able to learn new behaviours. A striking example of adult attachment to a parent is the comment made by a 40 year old lady who had lost her mother; I never realised, until she was gone, how much my own sense of confidence depended on knowing that if I ran into trouble I could always turn to her for help and advice. Goldberg 2000 p10)in my own experience of working with adult services, I gained an understanding of how separation could have affected an elderly couple’s health. After 60 years of marriage social services where call in to assess their situation as they where no longer able to cope due to the fact the wife had senile dementia. Initially the was talk of them being home together however a standard care home would not have met the need of the wife, a nursing home was needed for her. This was seen as being detrimental to both their health due to separation. Therefore, it was seen to be better to provide them with support in their own home. In conclusion children who are securely attached tend to have trusting, long-term relationships in their adulthood. As adults and being securely attached, these same individuals have a great understanding and perspective on important relationships in their lives. They demonstrate a forgiving attitude toward their mate and tend to show compassion for others. They tend to speak of how their past experiences have influenced their present feelings and relationships. References Bowlby, J. (1953) Childcare and the growth of maternal love. Harmondsworth: Penguin Books. Feeney,J. Noller,P. (1996) Adult Attachment. London: sage publications. Goldberg, S. (2000) Attachment and Development. London: Arnold publishers. Howe,D. (1995) Attachment theory for social work practice. London: Macmillan press. Smith, Cowie, Blades. online. ‘The Adult Attachment Interview (AAI). Understanding Children’s Development’. York College: Homepage, (http://www. ycc. ac. uk/yc/new/HUMSOC/psycho/unit1/adultatt. htm), (5 December 2008)

Speaking annhiliation Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Speaking annhiliation - Assignment Example The writer tests his hypothesis by informing the user about the wars between World War 1 and 1962.He shows that countries moved from contained warfare towards â€Å"total warfare† during this time. It was also the time when chemicals were sprayed on a large scale to kill mosquitoes and lice. The books explain how the US chemical industry and the US military have grown with each other. One example given by the author is of 2 institutes – Chemical Warfare Services and Bureau of Entomology. These two institutes operated in such a way that military helped in the growth of the chemical industry and vice-versa. United States gradually accepted the practice of using chemical toxins such as DDT to control insect populations and along with this as military warfare and chemical industry started sharing common ideology – humans – enemy soldiers were also treated as insects to be completely eliminated without any mercy. With this book the author tries to highlight the environmental consequences of both war as well as chemical used against insects. The very chemicals which were supposed to help humans fight diseases have now become toxic elements which are accumulating inside the food chain and threatening to bring more deadly diseases than the earlier ones. Russell’s books come out with historical reasons as to why mankind was not able to stop the advent of these chemicals in

Business Law Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 4

Business Law - Assignment Example If so, what was the condition of the offer and who was to claim it? It has always been assumed that a notice like that goes all the way to the world and anybody can claim it so long as the terms are met. This is similar to the case of Carlill and Carbolic Smoke Ball Company (1893) 1 QB256. The claimant after meeting all the conditions put fore by Carbolic Smoke Ball Company was being denied the claim by the company. This attracted the intervention of the court which rewarded her claim. According to the law of contracts, an offer is simply an expression of willingness and ability to contract on given specific terms. It can be written oral or both. The offer can also be unilateral or bilateral, the latter mostly being in commercial businesses. In the case of Leila vs. Julie, the offer was unilateral since the former had in one of the dailies, printed a notice of the same targeting the whole public (Bouvier, 1856). The clear message was that whoever came across and returned the gold locket and the chain previously lost was to be rewarded $ 50. In a unilateral contract, once the offeror makes a promise in exchange of an act by another person, if this other person acts on the offerer’s promise then the latter is obligated to fulfill the promise (Austen-Baker, 2002). The ideal condition is that the information about the reward must have been in the knowledge of the offferee before presenting his actions. In this case, Julie was knowledgeable of the information about the reward for the return made by Leila. Whichever form of communication/ notification she chose, it was within the context. According to the notice, the offerer gave her address as well as her number meaning you could choose any to communicate and Julie happened to choose the physical contact. In my opinion, she qualified to be rewarded as the contract was binding. However, it should be noted that just like the case of (Household fire and carriage accident Insurance

BMWi Case Study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

BMWi Case Study - Essay Example It uses cutting-edge material, custom built architectures with future production technologies (Case study: BMWi, 2011). The brand presence is global and has a niche market with dealers representing almost every corner of the world. The company has a loyal database of customers and it also expects an older segment (53 years old) to constitute the majority (84 percent) of their new customers (for BMWi) as against the younger (49 years old) audience for the earlier versions of BMW. However, the average age of its customer base is expected to be lesser than its competitors in Audi and Mercedes. The company constantly engages its loyal customer base through a range of media including TV, YouTube, Facebook, Email, Phone and Website among others. Its social media initiatives for BMWi through its ‘join the conversation’ invitation and a set of about 50 mobile apps through its ‘MyCityWay’ apps initiative to keep the customer updated with the local information is anot her innovative approach to constantly communicate with their customers. The company also has tied up with the London Olympics, 2012 as an automotive partner to leverage higher exposure for the brand and the new concept car (Case study: BMWi, 2011). Figure 1: Logo- BMW. ... The company plans to engage its target segment through direct and digital marketing with a ?400, 000 budget allocated for the purpose (Case study: BMWi, 2011). Figure 2: Model overview of BMW335i Coupe. Source: https://www.bmwcenternet.com Strategies to generate the 5,000 leads. Acquiring a new type of customer for BMWi- BMWi is a concept car which promises zero emission and is environment friendly. It also has a government approval for a ?5,000 grant that their customers can avail. As more than 50 percent of the target segment for BMWi are set to avail finance either from BMW or others, the grant from the government can be advertised with sufficient emphasis as it can help in subtly drive across the patronizing support from the government due its high fuel efficiency and eco friendly design and manufacture. This information can be communicated to the target customers through trade-shows, occasional TV and print advertisements and social media. In addition, the company can leverage i ts ‘join the conversation’ initiative to gather sufficient new leads as loyal customers and prospects are bound to network extensively on social media. The 5Cs of real-time marketing: content, conversation, context, continuity and commerce need to be constantly put in focus to reflect the brand (Leonard, 2011). Further, the online presence of the company must be readily leveraged in all aspects to actively engage the customers while giving them quality experience through seamless integration of its systems. Creative engagement needs to be fostered through the company’s as well as the dealer websites to actively listen to customer preferences. A live chat on the company and dealer websites can also help generate sufficient leads of new